Hôm nào có giờ Hóa học, không khí lớp của Lê Nam Anh, Hà Nam, lại trở nên vui vẻ vì cả cô và trò đều bối rối khi phát âm tên nguyên tố bằng tiếng Anh.
Sau một tháng học môn Hoá lớp 10 theo sách giáo khoa (SGK) mới, Lê Nam Anh ở Hà Nam cho hay nội dung kiến thức gần gũi với đời sống, dễ hiểu và bài tập không nặng về tính toán. Tuy nhiên, Nam Anh mất gần một tuần đầu để ghi nhớ cách đọc mới các nguyên tố Hóa học do đã quen với cách đọc bằng tiếng Việt từ khi học cấp 2. Nguyên tố N giờ được đọc thành Nitrogen; O (Oxygen), H (Hydrogen), P (Phosphorus) hay Cu (Copper), thay vì Nitơ, Oxi, Hiđro, Photpho và Đồng như trước đây.
“Trước đây chúng em chỉ đọc Phốt-pho (P) nhưng giờ là Phot-pho-rơ-s (Phosphorus), phải đọc lướt nên hơi ngượng. Hôm đầu, 5-6 bạn còn đọc lẫn lộn tiếng Việt và tiếng Anh. Cô giáo cũng đôi ba lần nhầm. Tiết Hóa vì thế cũng trở nên thú vị hơn”, Nam Anh kể và cho biết nguyên tố khó đọc nhất với em là Kali (Potassium), Hg (Mercury) và Kr (Krypton).
Hoàng Thanh Long, học sinh lớp 10 ở Vĩnh Phúc, kể cả lớp lo lắng khi nghe cô nói năm nay phải đọc tên các nguyên tố bằng tiếng Anh. “Nhiều bạn lớp em phải nhìn từ tiếng Anh để luận cách đọc tiếng Việt do trong sách không có phiên âm”, Long nói. Nam sinh cho hay, các bạn đọc sai nhiều, cô cũng không quen nên vẫn đọc theo cách cũ, như O vẫn đọc là ô-xi.
Thanh Huyền, học sinh một trường chuyên ở Hà Nội, cho biết buổi đầu em và các bạn thường cười ồ lên mỗi khi cô giáo đọc tên các nguyên tố. Nhưng từ các buổi sau, trừ một số bạn đã học các chương trình nước ngoài, còn lại khá căng thẳng vì “loạn” giữa cách đọc cũ và mới. “Nhiều khi cô trưởng khối Hóa còn đọc nhầm. Em cũng rất hay quên cách đọc Hg, Kr, Na”, Huyền cho biết.
Thầy Nguyễn Văn Hưng, trưởng nhóm Hóa, trường THPT Quỳnh Côi, Thái Bình, cho hay tên nguyên tố và hợp chất trong SGK Hóa học lớp 10 mới được gọi theo tên quốc tế, bước đầu gây khó khăn cho học sinh và giáo viên. Dù đã được đồng nghiệp phụ trách chuyên môn hướng dẫn, thầy Hưng vẫn phải lên mạng tra cách phát âm, sau đó ghi phiên âm bên cạnh tên nguyên tố trong sách rồi học thuộc. “Đọc rất khó, đôi khi các thầy viết ký hiệu thôi, còn đọc tên thì dần dần. Các em cũng không thể nhớ được ngay”, thầy Hưng chia sẻ.
Việc thay đổi cách đọc tên nguyên tố Hóa học trong SGK Hóa học lớp 10 năm nay nhận ý kiến trái chiều.
Thầy Hưng chưa thể nhớ hết tên gọi tiếng Anh của tất cả nguyên tố song cũng không cảm thấy quá nặng nề hay căng thẳng, do chương trình phổ thông chỉ xoay quanh khoảng 20 nguyên tố đầu trong bảng tuần hoàn. Cô Nguyễn Hồng Thu, giáo viên Hóa học, trường THPT Lê Quý Đôn, Hà Đông, Hà Nội, cũng ủng hộ cách gọi trong sách giáo khoa mới và cho rằng đó là cách để hội nhập với thế giới. Cách gọi mới cũng thuận lợi hơn cho học sinh, đặc biệt khi tham gia các cuộc thi quốc tế hay sau này đọc tài liệu của nước ngoài.
Hiện, một số giáo viên ở cấp THCS đã giới thiệu cách đọc mới cho học sinh, dù một số khối lớp chưa học theo chương trình và SGK mới.
Tuy nhiên, nhiều người cho rằng chương trình giáo dục phổ thông nên dùng cách gọi phổ biến. “Số em đi thi quốc tế hàng năm cũng rất ít so với số học sinh học bình thường. Cách gọi mới phức tạp và khó sử dụng”, một cô giáo ở Hà Nội góp ý.
PGS. TS Đặng Thị Oanh, Trưởng tiểu ban Xây dựng và Phát triển Chương trình giáo dục phổ thông môn Hóa học 2018, giải thích, chương trình mới thay đổi danh pháp Hóa học (cách gọi tên) theo bốn nguyên tắc: khoa học, thống nhất, hội nhập và thực tế.
Thực tế ở Việt Nam, danh pháp Hóa học không thống nhất ở các ngành như Y, Dược, Giáo dục và giữa các cấp học. Cách đây nhiều năm, Hội Hóa học Việt Nam có đề tài cấp quốc gia về Thuật ngữ và danh pháp Hóa học được Tổng cục tiêu chuẩn đo lường chất lượng Việt Nam cho phép. Hội đã đề nghị với Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo cho sử dụng danh pháp Hóa học theo tiếng Anh trong đợt đổi mới SGK 2018 và được đồng ý.
Danh pháp Hoá học sử dụng theo khuyến nghị của Liên minh quốc tế về Hoá học thuần tuý và Hoá học ứng dụng IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), có tham khảo Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam. Tên 13 nguyên tố đã quen dùng trong tiếng Việt tiếp tục được sử dụng nhưng có kèm chú thích tiếng Anh, gồm: Vàng, Bạc, Đồng, Chì, Sắt, Nhôm, Kẽm, Lưu huỳnh, Thiếc, Nitơ, Natri, Kali và Thuỷ ngân. Hợp chất của các nguyên tố này cũng được gọi tên theo khuyến nghị của IUPAC.
Theo bà Oanh, những học sinh bắt đầu học môn Hóa theo chương trình mới sẽ không có trở ngại do được học từ sớm. Nhưng những em lớp 8, 9 học theo chương trình 2006, năm nay lên lớp 10 và một số giáo viên lớn tuổi, đã lâu không dùng tiếng Anh, sẽ chưa quen cách đọc.
“Việc này trong 1-2 năm sẽ quen và trở lại bình thường”, bà Oanh nói.
Bà Oanh lưu ý, khi muốn tra tên nguyên tố, giáo viên và học sinh nhìn vào bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố Hóa học trong các bộ SGK mới sẽ biết cách đọc. Cách đọc tên các hợp chất sẽ tuân theo một số nguyên tắc chung. Người học cũng có thể sử dụng công cụ hỗ trợ như Google để tra cứu. Ngoài ra, mỗi bộ SGK đều có học liệu điện tử, video hướng dẫn cách phát âm các nguyên tố hóa học và một số hợp chất.
Theo PGS. TS Lê Kim Long, Chủ biên nội dung Hóa học trong môn Khoa học tự nhiên (bậc THCS) và Tổng chủ biên SGK Hóa học lớp 10 bộ sách “Kết nối tri thức với cuộc sống”, các tác giả đã thực hiện hướng dẫn của Chương trình giáo dục phổ thông 2018 về thể thức viết và gọi tên nguyên tố Hóa học. Số người nói tiếng Anh trên thế giới chiếm đa số và phát âm không giống nhau vì thế các thầy cô và học sinh cũng không nên quá chú trọng vào việc phát âm cho đúng, chỉ cần “đủ hiểu là được”.
“Nội dung học tập, năng lực và phẩm chất học sinh cần xây dựng và phát triển khi học Hóa học để sống và làm việc mới là quan trong nhất”, ông Long nói.
*Tên một số học sinh đã thay đổi
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Hi! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established blog. Is it very hard to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick. I’m thinking about creating my own but I’m not sure where to start. Do you have any points or suggestions? Many thanks
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Hi there! I understand this is sort of off-topic but I needed to ask. Does operating a well-established blog such as yours take a large amount of work? I’m brand new to running a blog however I do write in my diary daily. I’d like to start a blog so I can share my own experience and views online. Please let me know if you have any kind of suggestions or tips for brand new aspiring blog owners. Thankyou!
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Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It’s always helpful to read through content from other authors and use a little something from other sites.
Greetings! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having problems finding one? Thanks a lot!
Hmm is anyone else encountering problems with the pictures on this blog loading? I’m trying to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
When I originally commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several e-mails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Many thanks!